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history
- food : herbs

Herbs
Below
are photos of some of the most commonly used spices. (This
page will be updated as I access more photos and get the
time.)
What
is a spice and what is a herb?
For
culinary purposes:
- A
herb is defined as: any leafy part of a plant that is used
in cuisine for flavouring
- A
spice is defined as: any other part of a plant that is used
in cuisine for flavouring: bark, stem, shoot, root, nut,
seed, rhizome, etc
Background
history of herbs
It
was in about 2000 BC in Babylon that the first documented
account of herbs appeared. It described tried and tested medicinal
uses of herbs, and included reference to many herbs we still
use today such as thyme and bay leaves.
For hundreds of years, spices were to the world economy what
the dollar is today.
From the beginning of time herbs have been used for food,
medicine, clothing, smoking, smelling, cleaning, and many
other applications. Head to the supermarket, go to the spice
section, and you have the opportunity to purchase a variety
of herbs. But there are many more than what you would find
there. And there are many more uses than adding flavour to
your favourite recipe. Some can even be found in your backyard.
With no other method of keeping food other than salt, Europeans
were anxious to obtain anything which helped to preserve food
and made that which was past its best taste better.
How
to use herbs
Should
they be used sparingly so as not to over power the food, or
can they be used liberally to enhance the foods?
Herbs
to use generously
Chervil:
Chives: Lemon Balm: Borage: Mints: Parsley: Salad Burnet:
Sweet Cicely.
Herbs
to use carefully
Bay:
Dill: Lovage: Sweet Marjoram: Peppermint: Savoury: Tarragon.
Herbs
to use sparingly
Basil:
Fennel: Oregano: Rosemary: Sorrel: Sage: Thyme.
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Angelica
Angelica
is available as two types: the ornemental variety with
bright shiny leaves, used purely for presentation purposes
and the edible variety. The latter is a biennial, and
if kept cut and not allowed to flower it will last more
than the usual two years and may be kept going for 3
-4 years or longer. All parts of the plant are aromatic
and edible. Grown commercial for the bright green hollow
stems which are candied and used in cakes and confectionery.
The leaves are used for flavouring many liqueurs, in
the preparation of bitters and with juniper berries
to flavour gin.
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Balm
Often
also called lemon balm; its heart-shaped leaves have
a strong lemon scent. For this reason it may be substituted
for lemon rind in wine cups, stews, lamb and fish. Balm
dries well. Fresh leaves chopped can be added to salads,
omelettes and sauces, or flavour custards.
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Bayleaf
Bayleaf
has a pleasant aromatic flavour but needs to be used
carefully because it is strong. Used in the classical
bouquet garni. It improves stews, stocks, sauces, curries,
marinades and often placed on kebabs.. It can be used
in sweet custards also. Also known as laurel; which
was used by the ancient Romans to form thier crowns.
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Basil
There
are two types, bush and sweet the latter being considered
the best of the two. Renown for its use in Italian cuine,
basil has a particular affinity with tomatoes, but it
also goes well with peppers, aubergines, marrows and
courgettes. Also goes well with oily fish.
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Borage
Both
the flowers and leaves of borage can be used in food
and tastes faintly of cucumber. The herb wilts quickly,
so to use it you have to grow it. Chop the leaves into
soup, soft cheese or yoghurt. Dip whole leaves in batter
and deep fry them. Float the blue flowers on cider or
claret cups etc
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Caraway
This
is a biennial plant which grown to a height of about
2 ft and has finely cut fern-like leaves and small white
flowers in umbels. The green leaves can be used for
flavouring as a green herb having a less pronounced
flavour than the seeds. Caraway seeds have a distinctive
anise-like flavour which some people dislike. Where
caraway grows wild and is plentiful, the roots are used
as a vegetable.
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Chervil
A
delicate, anise-tasting herb, is one of the components
of a classic "fines herbs' mixture with equal quantities
of parsley, tarragon and chives. The taste is similar
to parsley but slightly more peppery. Chervil is very
good with eggs and delicate fish, chicken and vegetable
dishes.
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Chives
Have
a delicate onion flavour and can be used lavishly. Chives
are excellent with egg and cheese, added to green and
tomato salads. Sprinkled over mayonnaise and any pale
dish for extra colour or used whole for garnish.
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Chive
flowers
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Coriander
Both
the seeds and leaves of Coriander are used; the seeds
have a burnt orange flavour when crushed. The leaves
have a milder, parsley like flavour and are used in
many cuisines: Italian, Thai and many Asian cuisines.
Also wonderful when stirred into soft cheeses.
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Dill
Has
a sweet, pungent flavour like caraway. Used in salads
in particular cucumber. Add to a white sauce (Bechamel)
or Hollandaise to served with fish. Dill is used a lot
with gherkins for pickling and for gravlax - the Scandinavian
method of curing salmon. Blends well with tomatoes,
beans and peas.
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Fennel
Like
dill, fennel has feathery leaves but grows taller, It
has a pleasant anise, smoky flavour. Counteracts the
oiliness of fish. Also good in salads. Add the dried
stalks to fish soups, chowders etc.
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Fennel
- bronze
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Marjoram
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Mint
There
are many types of mints: Peppermint, Spearmint, Vietnemese
mint, Apple mint etc. Chop over salads, add to cabbage
during saute. Add sprigs to fruit and vegetable juices.
Also used in the traditional way - peas, new potatoes,
lamb etc.
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Mint
- apple
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Mint
- Vietnemese
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Oregano
Is
the wild variety of marjoram and tastes similar but
stronger. Used extensively in Italian cuisine, it goes
well in pasta, pizzas, rich dishes, moussaka and makes
rich spicy casseroles. Sprinkle it over pork, ham or
fish before grilling. Adds a lift to tomato or coleslaw
salads.
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Oregano
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Parsley
- curly
Has
a refreshing flavour and colour. Invaluable herb and
is the highest in vitamins. The stem rather than the
leaf has the strongest flavour. Use in stews, soups
and stocks. Chop the leaves generously into sauces,
stuffing and salads. Use fresh or deep fried as garnish.
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Parsley
- Italian
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Rosemary
Is
delicious, pungent and slightly pine flavoured, but
it is strong and needs discretion. Rosemary is excellent
with lamb, chicken, soups and casseroles. Gives a lift
when sprinkled over pasta, tomatoes, cauliflower and
hot haricot or butter beans.
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Sage
Is
one of the strongest herbs. It helps to counteract richness,
so is good with pork, goose, duck, oily fish and dairy
products. Add chopped sage to cream cheese and Welsh
Rarebit. It also gives flavour to pulses (dried peas/beans
etc)
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Sage
- pineapple
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Sage
- purple
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Sage
- variagated
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Savory
There
are two varieties, summer and winter. Both have a rather
strong peppery flavour, but summer savoury is milder.
Sometimes known as bean herb, as it goes well with broad
bean and pulses and is also a classic flavouring for
trout. Sprinkle over beetroot salad, good in omelets,
stuffed eggs and in poultry stuffings.
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Sorrel
Has
a sharp, rather sour flavour that is good in a green
salad or chopped into omelets. It can be cooked like
spinach, but should be used sparingly and is better
in combinations. Makes good puree (green) to serve wit
fish or in a quiche. It may also be used for stuffing
fish. Sorrel makes an excellent puree soup.
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Tarragon
There
are two main types - French and Russian. Russian being
lighter in flavour. French tarragon is perhaps the king
among herbs, essential to many classic French dishes.
It tastes faintly of anise and is essential for sauce
Bearnaise. Lifts chicken, green salads, baked eggs and
omelettes.
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Thyme
Is
part of the classic bouquet garni (with parsley and
bay). Use it to flavour casseroles and stuffing’s
or add it to cheese sauces. Good for rabbit and belly
pork casseroles. Lemon Thyme is good in fruit salads
and custards.
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Thyme
- lemon
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Thyme
- pizza
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Thyme
- silver
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The information contained here is supplied for your interest
only and further research may be required. I have gathered
it from many sources over many years. While I attempt to insure
they are crossed referenced for accuracy, I take no responsibility
for mistakes - additions or corrections are welcomed.

email
chef@tallyrand.info
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